Adaptive Tuning Networks with Direct Mapped Multiple Channel Filter Tuning

ABSTRACT

A flexible multi-path RF adaptive tuning network switch architecture that counteracts impedance mismatch conditions arising from various combinations of coupled RF band filters, particularly in a Carrier Aggregation-based (CA) radio system. In one version, a digitally-controlled tunable matching network is coupled to a multi-path RF switch in order to provide adaptive impedance matching for various combinations of RF band filters. Optionally, some or all RF band filters include an associated digitally-controlled filter pre-match network to further improve impedance matching. In a second version, some or all RF band filters coupled to a multi-path RF switch include a digitally-controlled phase matching network to provide necessary per-band impedance matching. Optionally, a digitally-controlled tunable matching network may be included on the common port of the multi-path RF switch to provide additional impedance matching capability. In a third version, CA direct mapped adaptive tuning networks include filter tuning blocks for selected lower frequency bands.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of, and claims priority to,commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/048,764, filed Feb.19, 2016, entitled “Adaptive Tuning Network for Combinable Filters”, thecontents of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety.

BACKGROUND (1) Technical Field

This invention relates to electronic circuits, and more particularly toradio frequency electronic circuits and related methods.

(2) Background

A simple radio system generally operates in one radio frequency (RF)band for transmitting RF signals and a separate RF band for receiving RFsignals. Although an RF band commonly may be referred to by a singlefrequency number, an RF band typically spans a range of frequencies(e.g., 10 to 100 MHz per band), and actual signal transmission andreception may be in sub-bands of such bands, spaced apart to avoidinterference. Alternatively, two widely spaced RF bands may be used forsignal transmission and reception, respectively.

More advanced radio systems, such as some cellular telephone systems,may be operable over multiple RF bands for signal transmission andreception, but at any one time still use only one transmit sub-band andone receive sub-band within a single RF band, or only two widely spacedtransmit and receive RF bands. Such multi-band operation allows a singleradio system to be interoperable with different international frequencyallocations and signal coding systems (e.g., CDMA, GSM). For someapplications, international standards bodies have labeled commonfrequency bands with band labels, Bn, such as B1, B3, B7, etc. Onelisting of such bands may be found athttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands. Note that the bandlabels are not assigned in strict frequency order.

In recent years, a technique called “Carrier Aggregation” (CA) has beendeveloped to increase bandwidth for RF radio systems, and inparticularly cellular telephone systems. In one version of CA known as“inter-band” mode, cellular reception or transmission may occur overmultiple RF bands simultaneously (e.g., RF bands B1, B3, and B7). Thismode requires passing the receive or transmit RF signal through multipleband filters simultaneously, depending on the required band combination.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a prior art RF signal switching and filtercircuit 100 that may be used in a CA radio system. In the illustratedexample, an antenna 101 is coupled to a multi-path switch 102 that isfurther coupled to several RF band filters 104. The multi-path switch102 can selectively couple the antenna 101 to the RF band filters 104one at a time or in selected combinations. The multi-path switch 102would typically be implemented using field-effect transistors (FETs), inknown fashion. Some or all of the RF filters 104 would be coupled toother RF circuitry, such as a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver(not shown). In the illustrated example, band filters 104 for threefrequency bands B1, B3, B7 are shown. In operation, the component RFband filters 104 (e.g., for RF bands B1, B3, B7) may be switched intocircuit by the multi-path switch 102 individually in a non-CA mode, orin combinations in a CA mode.

For optimum performance, each of the band filters 104 and their desiredcombinations (e.g., B3 alone, B1+B3 concurrently, and B1+B3+B7concurrently) must be impedance matched to the switch 102 and antenna101, typically at a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms for modern radiocircuits. FIG. 1B is a Smith chart 110 showing the range of unmatchedimpedance values of several example combinations of three modeledfilters for the configuration shown in FIG. 1A. In the illustratedexample, looking at the B3 frequencies only swept over a frequency rangeof 1.810 GHz to 1.880 GHz in 10 MHz steps, the plot points (for B3alone, plus the effects of adding B1 or B1+B7 to B3) show that, ideally,different amounts of impedance matching would be required to match acharacteristic impedance of 50 ohms not only for each combination, butalso for each frequency step. Accordingly, because of the impedancemismatch, the RF signal switching and filter circuit 100 is not apractical solution for a CA radio system.

If the number of combinations of bands Bn is small and the bands are farenough apart, the band filters 104 may be combined into a single feedpoint (i.e., no switch 102 is necessary) using passive combiningtechniques, such as “diplexing” or “triplexing” circuits, which usecarefully tuned fixed matching networks to combine multiple filterstogether and approximately match impedances. For example, FIG. 2A is ablock diagram of a prior art RF triplexer filter circuit 200. A bank offilters 104 is connected to an antenna 101 through various fixedcombinations of inductors Ln and capacitors Cn that are designed tomatch the impedance of a respective filter 104 to the impedance of theantenna 101 for a specific band of frequencies (e.g., B1, B3, B7). Adiplexer circuit works on the same principles. All of the fixed matchingcircuit elements must be designed to complement each other. However,such an architecture prevents free selection of band combinations withexisting filters.

To resolve this issue with a small number of frequency bands, it ispossible to passively combine (e.g., using diplexers or triplexers, suchas in FIG. 2A) separate groups of band filters, and then selectivelyactivate one corresponding passively-combined impedance matching circuitat a time using a single-pole, multi-throw (SPnT) switch (e.g., SP5T).For example, FIG. 2B is a block diagram of a prior art RF multiplexedtriplexer-connected filter circuit 210. A 5-way multipath switch 102 canselect any one set of triplexer-combined band filters 212 a-212 e forconnection to the antenna 101. Since only one throw of the multipathswitch 102 is ON at a time, no additional tuning is required. However,this approach is still not flexible and must be custom designed forevery combination of frequency bands. In addition, the amount ofcircuitry required for all of the band filters 212 a-212 e is quitelarge, owing to the redundant number of band filters required. Forexample, band filter set 212 a and band filter set 212 b both requireband filters (e.g., surface acoustic wave filters) for bands B1 and B3.Furthermore, it is essentially not practical to use passive combiningfor a large number of frequency bands Bn because of the large number ofpossible combinations of such bands and of overlapping or adjacentfrequency ranges.

Accordingly, there is a need for an ability to flexibly enable multiplefrequency bands in an RF signal switching and filter circuit that may beused in a CA radio system, without degrading system performance. Thepresent invention addresses this need.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention encompasses a flexible multi-path RF adaptive tuningnetwork switch architecture that counteracts impedance mismatchconditions arising from various combinations of coupled RF band filters.

In a first RF switch architecture, a digitally-controlled tunablematching network is coupled to a multi-path RF switch in order toprovide adaptive impedance matching for various combinations of RF bandfilters. Optionally, some or all RF band filters also include anassociated digitally-controlled filter pre-match network to furtherimprove impedance matching. In a preferred embodiment, the tunablematching network and any optional filter pre-match networks areintegrated with a multi-path RF switch on an integrated circuit (IC).

In a second RF switch architecture, some or all RF band filters coupledto a multi-path RF switch include a digitally-controlled phase matchingnetwork to provide necessary per-band impedance matching. Optionally, adigitally-controlled tunable matching network may also be included onthe common port of the multi-path RF switch to provide additionalimpedance matching capability. In a preferred embodiment, the phasematching networks and any optional tunable matching network areintegrated with a multi-path RF switch within an IC.

In a third RF switch architecture, CA direct mapped adaptive tuningnetworks include filter tuning blocks for specific bands (instead of allbands), depending on particular performance requirements and filtercharacteristics. Benefits of CA direct mapped adaptive tuning networkswith filter tuning blocks on selected lower frequency bands include:improved overall non-CA performance; improved high band performance inCA cases; reduced component count and less circuit complexity; and amore versatile control scheme that is better suited for adaptive tuningoptimization.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth inthe accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a prior art RF signal switching and filtercircuit that may be used in a CA radio system.

FIG. 1B is a Smith chart showing the range of unmatched impedance valuesof several example combinations of three modeled filters for theconfiguration shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram of a prior art RF triplexer filter circuit.

FIG. 2B is a block diagram of a prior art RF multiplexedtriplexer-connected filter circuit.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an RF signal switchingand filter circuit that includes a multi-path tunable switch and,optionally, a bank of filter pre-match networks, suitable for use in aCA radio system as well as in other applications.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a generic architecture for a tunablematching network.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a tunablematching network.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a tunablematching network.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a tunablematching network.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of adigitally-controlled FPM network.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a dynamicallyreconfigurable tunable matching network topology.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of a dynamicallyreconfigurable tunable matching network topology.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an RF signal switchingand filter circuit that includes a multi-path switch coupled to a set oftwo or more RF band filters through a bank of corresponding phasematching networks.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a phase matchingnetwork suitable for use in the circuit shown in FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a graph of the insertion loss versus frequency of onecombination of CA band filters (B1+B3+B7) for a simulation of the priorcircuit shown in FIG. 1A for three frequency bands.

FIG. 14 is a graph of the insertion loss versus frequency for asimulation of the novel circuit shown in FIG. 3 for the sameconfiguration of CA band filters and frequency bands shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a direct mapped RF signal switching andfilter circuit that may be used in a CA radio system.

FIG. 16 is a Smith chart 1600 graphing the S11 parameters for diplexedband filters B1 and B3, illustrating the loading effect of the B1/B3diplexer at the B7 and B40 bands.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a direct mapped RF signal switching andfilter circuit that includes a bank of band filters and one or morefilter tuning blocks.

FIGS. 18A-18E are examples of particular circuits that may be used as afilter tuning block and embodied in an integrated circuit.

FIG. 19 is a Smith chart showing beneficial effects on band filter B40of coupling a filter tuning block to the band filter pair B1 and B3 fora CA mode combining B1, B3, and B40.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of one example of a resonant networkcircuit that may be used in a filter tuning block.

FIG. 21 is a graph of impedance magnitude of a resonant network for a CAcase of B1/B3/B7 (k-Ohms, log scale) versus frequency (GHz).

FIG. 22A is a Smith chart graphing the S11 parameters for modeledembodiments of diplexed band filters B1 and B3, illustrating the loadingeffect of the lower frequency band filters at the higher frequencybands, similar to the Smith chart of FIG. 16.

FIG. 22B is a Smith chart graphing the S11 parameters for modeledembodiments of diplexed band filters B1 and B3, illustrating thebeneficial effect at the B7 band of utilizing a resonant network circuitof the type shown in FIG. 20 as a filter tuning block for the diplexedband filter pair B1 and B3 in a CA case of B1/B3/B7.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of a direct mapped RF signal switching andfilter circuit that includes a bank of band filters and a shared filtertuning block.

FIG. 24A is a graph of insertion loss versus frequency for a B1/B3/B40CA case for a modeled direct mapped adaptive tuning network lackingfilter tuning blocks.

FIG. 24B is a graph of insertion loss versus frequency for a B1/B3/B40CA case for a modeled direct mapped adaptive tuning network with filtertuning blocks for the B1/B3 band filters in a diplexer configuration.

FIG. 25 is a graph of Noise Figure versus circuit state for band filtersB1, B3, and B40 in a modeled direct mapped adaptive tuning network withbypassable filter tuning blocks for the B1/B3 band filters in a diplexerconfiguration.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a direct mapped RFsignal switching and filter circuit suitable for use in a CA radiosystem as well as in other applications.

FIG. 27 is a process flow diagram of a first method of adaptively tuninga CA multi-path RF switch architecture.

FIG. 28 is a process flow diagram of a second method of adaptivelytuning a CA multi-path RF switch architecture.

Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicatelike elements unless the context requires otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention encompasses a flexible multi-path RF adaptive tuningnetwork switch architecture that counteracts impedance mismatchconditions arising from various combinations of coupled RF band filters.

In a first RF switch architecture, a digitally-controlled tunablematching network is coupled to a multi-path RF switch in order toprovide adaptive impedance matching for various combinations of RF bandfilters. Optionally, some or all RF band filters also include anassociated digitally-controlled filter pre-match network to furtherimprove impedance matching. In a preferred embodiment, the tunablematching network and any optional filter pre-match networks areintegrated with a multi-path RF switch on an integrated circuit (IC).

In a second RF switch architecture, some or all RF band filters coupledto a multi-path RF switch include a digitally-controlled phase matchingnetwork to provide necessary per-band impedance matching. Optionally, adigitally-controlled tunable matching network may also be included onthe common port of the multi-path RF switch to provide additionalimpedance matching capability. In a preferred embodiment, the phasematching networks and any optional tunable matching network areintegrated with a multi-path RF switch within an IC.

In a third RF switch architecture, CA direct mapped adaptive tuningnetworks include filter tuning blocks for specific bands (instead of allbands), depending on particular performance requirements and filtercharacteristics. Benefits of CA direct mapped adaptive tuning networkswith filter tuning blocks on selected lower frequency bands include:improved overall non-CA performance; improved high band performance inCA cases; reduced component count and less circuit complexity; and amore versatile control scheme that is better suited for adaptive tuningoptimization.

Tunable Matching Network Architecture

Connecting a set of RF band filters to a digitally controlled multi-pathRF switch allows any combination of switch throws (and hence signalswitch paths) to be activated by direct mapping of control words toswitch states. However, using a conventional design, activating multipleswitch paths at the same time would result in a large impedancemismatch, high insertion loss, and worsened return loss as eachactivated RF band filter loads each other activated RF band filter. Forexample, when 3 adjacent RF band filters each having a 50 ohm impedanceare activated at the same time, the overall impedance would drop toabout 17 ohms, causing several dB of additional insertion loss (IL), andthe filter response would be skewed. Such a mismatch could be reduced byadding some fixed amount of phase shift or pre-matching elements toevery RF band filter path to alleviate impedance mismatch when combined,but this approach would require a custom design for every filtercombination.

A more flexible architecture combines a tunable matching network (TMN)with a multi-path RF switch to adaptively counteract impedance mismatchconditions arising from various combinations of coupled RF band filters.This approach may be combined with a digitally-controlled filterpre-match network to further improve impedance matching.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an RF signal switchingand filter circuit 300 that includes a multi-path tunable switch 302and, optionally, a bank of filter pre-match networks 304, suitable foruse in a CA radio system as well as in other applications. Theillustrated multi-path tunable switch 302 includes a digitallycontrolled TMN 306 that may be coupled to a TMN Control circuit 308 thatconverts a binary control word (externally supplied or internallygenerated) into switch control lines. The TMN 306 is coupled to amulti-path RF switch element 310, which typically would be implementedusing field-effect transistors (FETs) in known fashion. A common port Pcof the multi-path tunable switch 302 may be coupled to an RF signalelement, such as an antenna 101. Some number of a set of M signal portsP1-Pm may be coupled to a plurality of corresponding RF elements,particularly to a set of RF band filters 104 that can be selectivelycoupled to the antenna 101 one at a time or in combinations (in theillustrated embodiment, the RF band filters 104 are each shown with anassociated band label, Bn, which may or may not correspond to a portdesignation Pm). In one embodiment, M=10, and thus up to 10 ports may beselectively placed in circuit with the common port Pc alone or inparallel combinations (e.g., B1 alone, B1+B3 concurrently, and B1+B3+Bnconcurrently).

The RF band filters 104 are preferably bandpass filters having a verysharp (in terms of the transition from passband to reject band)passband, which would typically would be implemented using surfaceacoustic wave (SAW), bulk acoustic wave (BAW), or similar filtertechnologies having sharp passbands. Also shown coupled between each RFband filter 104 and a corresponding port of the multi-path tunableswitch 302 are digitally-controlled filter pre-match networks 304,discussed in greater detail below.

In operation, the component RF band filters 104 (e.g., for frequencybands B1, B3, . . . Bn) may be switched into circuit by the multi-pathtunable switch 302 individually in a non-CA mode, or in combinations ina CA mode. For each RF band filter 104 combination, the TMN Controlcircuit 308 would set the TMN 306 to a calibrated state to provideproper impedance matching for the selected combination. TABLE 1 belowshows an example of a 3-bit control word that defines 8 states that aremapped, by way of example, to specific active bands that correspond tosome emerging industry operational modes.

TABLE 1 State Binary State Active Bands CA Mode 0 0 0 0 none none 1 0 01 B3 Non-CA 2 0 1 0 B1 Non-CA 3 0 1 1 B3 and B1 2 band CA case 1 4 1 0 0B7 Non-CA 5 1 0 1 B7 and B3 2 band CA case 3 6 1 1 0 B7 and B1 2 band CAcase 2 7 1 1 1 B7, B3, and B1 3 band CA

While the TMN Control circuit 308 is shown as being external to themulti-path tunable switch 302, it may be fabricated in conjunction withthe multi-path tunable switch 302 on the same IC. The TMN Controlcircuit 308 may be configured to receive control words directly from anexternal source to set a TMN 306 to a selected impedance tuning state(e.g., based on a band combination selected by a user or externalcircuitry) by means of a digital interface, or control words may beindirectly supplied from a look-up table (i.e., implemented as fuses,PROM, EEPROM, etc.) containing tuning states for various RF bandcombinations or from various control signals processed throughcombinatorial circuitry. Thus, program control of the TMN Controlcircuit 308 can be based on a user selection or external control signal,or be automatically set in response to detected system states orparameters (e.g., switch state, lookup values, detected signalfrequency, signal strength, power consumption, IC device temperature,etc.).

For non-CA operation, the TMN 306 may be programmed to an impedancevalue that essentially makes the TMN 306 nearly invisible as a load.Alternatively, the TMN 306 may include a bypass switch, as described infurther detail below, to effectively remove the TMN 306 from the signalpath.

Tunable Matching Networks

While the illustrated RF signal switching and filter circuit 300 showsthe TMN 306 in a preferred position on the common port Pc of themulti-path tunable switch 302, TMN units may instead be or also becoupled to one or more corresponding signal ports Pm; such “signalport-side” TMN units, while consuming more IC die area, may provide evenmore precise control of impedance matching. In any case, a TMN 306 maybe placed in shunt or series connection with the signal path, and have acombination of shunt and/or series elements.

Each TMN 306 is designed to meet the impedance tuning ratio required tobe able to impedance match a selected combination of RF band filters 104with respect to the load on the common port Pc while minimizingadditional insertion loss. Each TMN 306 should have both a broad enoughtuning range and a fine enough tuning step size to be able to handle thevarious desired band filter combinations efficiently.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram 400 of a generic architecture for a tunablematching network 306. In the illustrated example, a tuning network 402is coupled along a signal path defined by IN and OUT ports (in thiscase, the circuit is symmetrical and hence the port labels are arbitraryand reversible). An optional bypass switch 404 allows the tuning network402 to be switched out of circuit when no impedance matching is desired,such as may occur in a non-CA mode. Optional switchable connections 406allow connection to other tuning elements (e.g., external inductors ortuning networks) or load elements (e.g., an antenna).

The tuning network 402 is shown as a generic three-port device, and maybe series connected between the IN and OUT ports, or configuredinternally to be shunt connected between the signal path and circuitground, or configured internally as a combination of series and shuntconnections—for example, selectable between a series connection or ashunt connection, or having a more complex dynamically reconfigurabletopology (see further discussion below).

In greater detail, a TMN 306 may consist of one or more digitallytunable or switchable capacitors (DTCs), and/or digitally tunable orswitchable inductors (DTLs), and/or digitally tunable or selectabletransmission line elements (TLEs), such as microstrip or co-planarwaveguides or lumped transmission line circuits. Several TMNs 306 may beused for more complicated cases. Examples of DTCs are shown in U.S. Pat.No. 9,024,700, issued on May 5, 2015, entitled “Method and Apparatus foruse in Digitally Tuning a Capacitor in an Integrated Circuit Device”,and examples of DTLs are shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/595,893, filed on Aug. 27, 2012, entitled “Method and Apparatus forUse in Tuning Reactance in an Integrated Circuit Device”, both of whichare assigned to the assignee of the present invention and both of whichare hereby incorporated by reference.

A number of useful TMN 306 designs may be used in conjunction withvarious embodiments of the invention. As one example, FIG. 5 is aschematic diagram 500 of a first embodiment of a tunable matchingnetwork 306. The principal adjustable impedance tuning elements are adigitally adjustable capacitor element 502 (e.g., a DTC) and a digitallyadjustable inductor element 504 (e.g., a DTL) coupled in seriestogether, and shunt connected between the IN-OUT signal path and circuitground. In one alternative embodiment, the adjustable inductor element504 may be replaced by a fixed inductor, and thus only the capacitorelement 502 provides adjustability. In another alternative embodiment,the adjustable capacitor element 502 may be replaced by a fixedcapacitor, and thus only the inductor element 504 providesadjustability. In either case, the digitally adjustable capacitor and/orinductor elements 502, 504 may be internal or external to an IC.However, in a preferred embodiment, most or all of the components of theTMN 306 are integrated on the same IC as the multi-path tunable switch302.

Also shown in FIG. 5 are a switch S0 (e.g., a FET) that can disconnectthe principal active tuning elements from the IN-OUT signal path, andtwo optional inductors L1, L2 that may be selectively connected bycorresponding switches S1, S2 to the IN-OUT signal path to augment theimpedance matching range of the tunable matching network 306. As shouldbe clear, more or fewer than two optional inductors Ln may be included.In the illustrated embodiment, an optional bypass switch 404 is shown,but the optional switchable connections 406 of FIG. 4 are omitted.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram 600 of a second embodiment of a tunablematching network 306. The illustrated TMN 306 includes two digitallyadjustable capacitor elements C1, C2 coupled in series between theIN-OUT signal path and circuit ground, and a digitally adjustableinductor element L coupled between circuit ground and a node between thetwo adjustable capacitor elements C1, C2. As in FIG. 5, one or more ofthe adjustable capacitor and/or inductor elements may be replaced by afixed element, so long as at least one adjustable impedance tuningelement remains. For example, the inductor element L may be fixed andall tuning accomplished using one or both of the adjustable capacitorelements C1, C2. The example circuit illustrated in FIG. 6 isparticularly useful because it enables coverage of more points on aSmith chart (not just a curve), thus providing a greater range ofimpedance matching adjustment than some other embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram 700 of a third embodiment of a tunablematching network 306. In the illustrated embodiment, a set of two ormore LC circuits each comprising a fixed capacitor Cn and a fixedinductor Ln may be selectively connected by corresponding switches Sn tothe IN-OUT signal path to set a matching impedance value for of thetunable matching network 306. Thus, adjustability is provided byselectively coupling one or more fixed-element LC circuits onto theIN-OUT signal path under the control of a TMN Control circuit 308 (as inFIG. 3) rather than utilizing digitally adjustable impedance tuningelements such as a DTC or DTL. In an alternative embodiment, the LCcircuits in FIG. 7 may be replaced by a set of transmission line (TL)elements of varying impedance values that can be selectively coupled tothe IN-OUT signal path under the control of the TMN Control circuit 308.

Filter Pre-Match Networks

As noted above with respect to FIG. 3, optionally, some or all RF bandfilters 104 also include an associated digitally-controlled filterpre-match (FPM) network 304 to further improve impedance matching forthe corresponding RF signal path. The FPM networks 304 are preferablyconfigured to be selectively connected to the IN-OUT signal path of anassociated RF band filter 104 under the control of an FPM Controlcircuit 312, as shown in FIG. 3. The FPM Control circuit 312 converts abinary control word (externally supplied or internally generated) intoswitch control lines.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment 800 of adigitally-controlled FPM network 304. In the illustrated embodiment, aninductor L having an inductance value suitable to aid impedance matchingof an associated RF band filter 104 may be selectively connected to theIN-OUT signal path of the associated RF band filter 104 by a switch Scontrolled by the FPM Control circuit 312. The switch S enablesdisconnection of the inductor L when operating in some modes, such as anon-CA mode.

In alternative embodiments, an FPM network 304 may include a digitallyadjustable impedance tuning element (e.g., a DTC or DTL) in place of thesimple inductor L. In appropriate applications, an FPM network 304 maybe essentially any one of the same circuits described above for the TMN306, or equivalent circuits.

The FPM networks 304 may be integrated within a multi-path tunableswitch 302, or may be separate circuit elements interposed between amulti-path tunable switch 302 and corresponding RF band filters 104, ormay be integrated with the corresponding RF band filters 104.

Dynamically Reconfigurable Tunable Matching Network Topology

As some of the example embodiments in FIGS. 4-7 illustrate, multipleswitchable impedance tuning elements in different configurations providea flexible solution to achieve reasonably wide coverage of a Smith chartwith minimal matching loss while providing a low-loss bypass mode thatcan be activated when tuning is not required. However, in someapplications, it is difficult to achieve a sufficiently wide RFbandwidth without other performance trade-offs when using afixed-topology tunable matching network (e.g., variable DTCs and/orDTLs, with optional fixed capacitor and inductor elements, but in afixed topology). Accordingly, a dynamically reconfigurable tunablenetwork topology enables real-time reconfiguration of a tunable matchingnetwork (TMN) topology for better optimization of such parameters. A TMNreconfigurable topology uses multiple switchable elements (e.g., a fixedand/or a tunable element in series with a switch) and tunable elements(e.g., one or more variable DTCs or DTLs, generally with an integratedswitch-selectable bypass path) to achieve multiple configurations.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment 900 of adynamically reconfigurable tunable matching network topology 306. Theillustrated example can be programmatically or selectably configured ina pi-type, T-type, or L-pad type topology in which one or moreadjustable tuning elements ATE₁, ATE₂ (e.g., DTCs and/or DTLs) areconnectable in series with the IN-OUT signal path of the TMN 306, whilethree or more adjustable tuning elements ATE₃, ATE₄, ATE₅ are connectedas shown in a shunt configuration to circuit ground throughcorresponding shunt switches Sh_(a), Sh_(b), Sh_(c). Some or all of theadjustable tuning elements may include an integrated switch-selectablebypass switch (not shown) that allows the element to be essentiallyconfigured as a short circuit connection. In addition, many othertopologies, such as a Bridged-T type, may be configured using the samecomponents or by adding other adjustable tuning elements or othercomponents.

A T-type topology can be configured by coupling ATE₁ and ATE₂ in serieswith the IN-OUT signal path and ATE₄ in shunt to circuit ground (i.e.,switch Sh_(b) CLOSED), and decoupling ATE₃ and ATE₅ (i.e., switchesSh_(a) and Sh_(c) OPEN). A pi-type topology can be configured in severalways: (1) coupling ATE₁ in series with the IN-OUT signal path and ATE₃and ATE₄ in shunt to circuit ground, while internally bypassing ATE₂ anddecoupling ATE₅; (2) coupling ATE₂ in series with the IN-OUT signal pathand ATE₄ and ATE₅ in shunt to circuit ground, while bypassing ATE₁ anddecoupling ATE₃; and (3) coupling ATE₁ and ATE₂ in series with theIN-OUT signal path and ATE₃ and ATE₅ in shunt to circuit ground, whiledecoupling ATE₄. An L-pad type topology can be configured in severalways from any of the pi-type configurations by decoupling one of the twoshunt ATEs.

FIG. 9 also shows a bypass switch Sb that allows the entirereconfigurable tunable matching network 306 to be bypassed, and furtherillustrates that one or more optional fixed tuning elements FTE₁, FTE₂(e.g., an internal or external inductor, capacitor, or transmission lineelement) can be coupled from circuit ground to the IN-OUT signal path ofthe TMN 306 through associated shunt switches Sh₁, Sh₂.

It should be apparent that some of the elements shown in FIG. 9 can beomitted for particular applications. For example, if only L-pad type andpi-type topologies are needed, the elements required for a T-typetopology can be omitted.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment 1000 of adynamically reconfigurable tunable matching network topology 306. In theillustrated example, an adjustable tuning element ATE₁ and a fixedtuning element FTE₁ are connectable in series with the IN-OUT signalpath of the TMN 306. Two subcircuits each comprising an adjustabletuning element ATE₂, ATE₃ in parallel with a corresponding fixed tuningelement FTE₁, FTE₂ to circuit ground are connectable by correspondingshunt switches Sh_(a), Sh_(b) to the IN-OUT signal path. The illustratedembodiment can be configured as a pi-type topology by setting both shuntswitches Sh_(a), Sh_(b) to CLOSED, and as an L-pad type topology bysetting one of the two shunt switches Sh_(a), Sh_(b) to CLOSED and theother shunt switch of the pair to OPEN. A bypass switch Sb allows theentire reconfigurable tunable matching network 306 to be bypassed.

The topology and/or the tuning element values of the reconfigurabletunable matching networks 306 of FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 may beprogrammatically set in real-time under the control of the TMN Controlcircuit 308 of FIG. 3, or set to a particularly configuration at thetime of manufacture (e.g., by “blowing” fusible links or by applying anappropriately configured metallization mask when fabricating an IC). Inaddition, numerous other tunable matching network embodiments can beused in conjunction with the disclosed RF signal switching and filtercircuits so long as such networks provide for a suitable range ofadjustability.

Phase Matching Network Architecture

As noted above, in a second RF switch architecture, some or all RF bandfilters coupled to a multi-path RF switch include a digitally-controlledphase matching network to provide necessary per-band impedance matching.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an RF signal switchingand filter circuit 1100 that includes a multi-path switch 102 (which mayinclude a TMN on the common port, as in FIG. 3) coupled to a set of twoor more RF band filters 104 through a bank of corresponding phasematching networks 1102. The phase matching (PM) networks 1102 arecoupled to a PMN Control circuit 1104 that converts a binary controlword (externally supplied or internally generated) into switch controllines. A common port Pc of the multi-path switch 102 may be coupled toan RF signal element, such as an antenna 101. As in the embodiment shownin FIG. 3, the RF band filters 104 are preferably bandpass filtershaving a very sharp passband, and typically would be implemented usingsurface acoustic wave (SAW), bulk acoustic wave (BAW), or similar filtertechnologies having sharp passbands.

Embodiments of the invention may include PM networks that include phaseshifter circuits having two or more signal paths, such as multi-statephase shifters of the type taught in U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/017,433, filed on Feb. 5, 2016, entitled “Low Loss Multi-State PhaseShifter”, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, whichis hereby incorporated by reference. For example, FIG. 12 is a schematicdiagram of one embodiment 1200 of a multi-state phase matching (PM)network 1102 suitable for use in the circuit shown in FIG. 11. In theillustrated example, the PM network 1102 has IN and OUT ports connectedby a plurality of n parallel circuit paths each comprising a pair ofswitches Sna and Snb and an associated phase shift element. Simple phaseshift elements may comprise an inductor Ln, a capacitor Cn, atransmission line (not shown) or a THRU conductor (e.g., a simple wireor IC trace or similar conductor) series connected between the switchpairs Sna-Snb. More complex phase shift elements may also be used, suchas a lumped transmission line comprising one or more CLC units (i.e.,shunt C-series L-shunt C circuits). The phase shift elements may bephysically located on the same integrated circuit (IC) die as the switchpairs Sna-Snb, or an IC may be configured with conductive pads to enableconnection of external phase shift elements to the switch pairs Sna-Snb.The order of the phase shift elements is not critical, but a designermay wish to take care to minimize component interactions.

The switch pairs Sna-Snb in each of the parallel circuit paths provideinput/output symmetry and are concurrently switched within a parallelcircuit path to allow the associated phase shift element to be placedin-circuit between the IN and OUT ports under the control of an appliedsignal from the PMN Control circuit 1104. The switches Sn are typicallyimplemented as FETs, particularly as MOSFETs. Each of the switches Sn isin a single-pole, single-throw (SPST) configuration, and thus can beimplemented with a single FET device (although in order to withstandapplied signal voltages in excess of the capabilities of a single FET,stacks of FET switches may be controlled by a common control line signalso as to switch ON or OFF concurrently, and thus behave like a singlehigh-voltage SPST switch). Further, the switch pairs Sna-Snb may beindependently controlled, so that two or more parallel circuit paths maybe switched into circuit between the IN and OUT ports at the same time.

The illustrated PM network 1102 shows five parallel circuit paths, asset forth in TABLE 2. While five parallel circuit paths are shown, otherembodiments may have more than five parallel circuit paths (as suggestedby the dotted lines in FIG. 12). However, the PM network 1102 may haveas few as three parallel circuit paths (e.g., circuit paths 1, 2 and 3in TABLE 2) or even as few as two parallel circuit paths (e.g., if theTHRU path is omitted in some embodiments, or if only a THRU path and onephase shift path is used).

TABLE 2 Circuit Path Parallel Circuit Path Components 1 S1a-L1-S1b 2S2a-C1-S2b 3 S3a-THRU-S3b 4 S4a-C2-S4b 5 S5a-L2-S5b

In operation, the component RF band filters 104 (e.g., for frequencybands B1, B3, . . . Bn) may be switched into circuit by the multi-pathswitch 102 individually in a non-CA mode, or in combinations in a CAmode. The PMN Control circuit 1104 will select a particular phase shiftsetting for each PM network 1102 to impedance match the associated RFband filter 104 with respect to the applied load from the antenna 101and any other RF band filter 104 switched into circuit.

The phase matching networks 1102 may be configured with other adjustablephase shifting circuits, and optionally may be configured or programmedto provide a fixed phase shift for bands Bn that are only switched intocircuit singly (e.g., if band B1 is only ever used by itself andadjustable phase shifting is not needed for other reasons, such asreducing intermodulation distortion). In particular, at least one phasematching network 1102 may be a digitally-controlled tunable matchingnetwork (such as the TMN 306 of FIG. 3), including a reconfigurable TMN.Optionally, a digitally-controlled TMN 306 and TMN Control circuit 308of the type shown in FIG. 3 may also be included on the common portP_(c) of the multi-path RF switch to provide additional impedancematching capability.

Comparative Simulation Data

FIG. 13 is a graph 1300 of the insertion loss versus frequency of onecombination of CA band filters (B1+B3+B7) for a simulation of the priorart circuit shown in FIG. 1A for three frequency bands. FIG. 14 is agraph 1400 of the insertion loss versus frequency for a simulation ofthe novel circuit shown in FIG. 3 for the same configuration of CA bandfilters and frequency bands shown in FIG. 13. As the two graphs 1300,1400 demonstrate, the novel circuit of FIG. 3 shows an improvement in ILof about 1.5 dB at the low band (1.81 GHz to 1.88 GHz), about 3 dB atthe mid-band (2.11 GHz to 2.18 GHz), and about 2 dB at the high band(2.61 GHz to 2.69 GHz). A similar comparison (not shown) of the priorart circuit simulation and the simulation of the novel circuit of FIG. 3for a different combination of CA band filters (B1+B3) showedimprovement in IL of more than 1.5 dB at the mid-band. In addition, thesimulation of the novel circuit of FIG. 3 exhibited an IL of less than 2dB (absolute, not comparative) for all non-CA modes.

In terms of RF performance, such improvements are significant, and areenabled by the improved impedance matching provided by the flexiblemulti-path RF adaptive tuning network switch architecture of the presentinvention.

Methods

Another aspect of the invention includes a method for adaptively tuninga multi-path radio-frequency (RF) switch, including:

-   -   providing a multi-path tunable switch having (1) a plurality of        signal ports each configured to be coupled to a corresponding RF        band filter and (2) a common port;    -   configuring the multi-path tunable switch to concurrently        connect at least two selected signal ports to the common port in        at least one mode of operation;    -   coupling a digitally-controlled tunable matching network to the        common port of the multi-path tunable switch; and    -   selectively controlling the digitally-controlled tunable        matching network to counteract impedance mismatch conditions        arising from coupling more than one selected RF band filter        concurrently to the common port.

Yet another aspect of the invention includes a method for adaptivelytuning a multi-path radio-frequency (RF) switch, including:

-   -   providing a multi-path tunable switch having a common port and a        plurality of signal ports;    -   configuring the multi-path tunable switch to concurrently        connect at least two selected signal ports to the common port in        at least one mode of operation;    -   coupling each of a plurality of digitally-controlled phase        matching networks to a corresponding signal port of the        multi-path tunable switch;    -   configuring each digitally-controlled phase matching network to        be coupled to a corresponding RF band filter; and    -   selectively controlling each digitally-controlled phase matching        network to counteract impedance mismatch conditions arising from        coupling more than one selected RF band filter concurrently to        the common port.

Additional aspects of the methods described above include integratingthe multi-path tunable switch and the digitally-controlled tunablematching network on the same integrated circuit die; coupling at leastone filter pre-match network to a corresponding signal port of themulti-path tunable switch and configuring the at least one filterpre-match network to be coupled to a corresponding RF band filter;integrating the multi-path tunable switch and the at least one filterpre-match network on the same integrated circuit die; thedigitally-controlled tunable matching network including at least one ofa digitally tunable capacitor and/or a digitally tunable inductor; thedigitally-controlled tunable matching network being reconfigurablebetween at least two types of topologies; coupling a signal port-sidedigitally-controlled tunable matching network to at least onecorresponding signal port of the multi-path tunable switch; coupling aplurality of RF band filters to corresponding signal ports of themulti-path tunable switch; integrating the multi-path tunable switch andthe plurality of digitally-controlled phase matching networks on thesame integrated circuit die; at least one digitally-controlled phasematching network being a digitally-controlled tunable matching network;at least one digitally-controlled phase matching network including atleast one of a digitally tunable capacitor and/or a digitally tunableinductor; at least one digitally-controlled phase matching network beingreconfigurable between at least two types of topologies; coupling adigitally-controlled tunable matching network to the common port of themulti-path tunable switch; and coupling a plurality of RF band filtersto corresponding digitally-controlled phase matching networks.

CA Adaptive Tuning Networks with Direct Mapped Multiple Channel FilterTuning

The network architectures described in this Detailed Description of theInvention can be characterized as “direct mapped” configurations, sinceany and all combinations of individual band filters 104 can be selected(“mapped”) by appropriate programming of a multi-path switch forconnection to a common port. Compared to a direct mapping configuration,the multiplexed conventional configuration of FIG. 2B, for example,results in a larger component count and greater complexity, and thushigher cost. In addition, direct mapping enables more combinations ofband filters for carrier aggregation (CA) than can be readily done witha multiplexer of a reasonable size. Accordingly, because fewer bandfilters are needed, direct mapping has advantages in reduced componentcount, cost, and performance. Further, single band filters are easier todesign, which generally means a direct mapping configuration exhibitsbetter non-CA performance than a multiplexed configuration.

Despite the benefits of direct mapping for CA antenna switchconfigurations, direct mapping embodiments may present their ownchallenges. For example, FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a direct mappedRF signal switching and filter circuit 1500 that may be used in a CAradio system. In the illustrated example, a filter bank 1502 includesseven band filters, B1, B3, B7, B25, B30, B40, and B66. The seven bandfilters are respectively coupled to ports P1-P7 of a multi-path switch1504. In a CA mode in which band filters B1, B3, and B40 are aggregated,when ports P1, P2, and P6 are coupled to an antenna 101 through thecommon port Pc of the multi-path switch 1504, the band filters impose aload on each other, the effects of which are frequency dependent andasymmetrical. That is, the band filters operating at a lower frequency(e.g., B3 at 1.8 GHz, B1 at 2.1 GHz) impose more of a load on bandfilters operating at a higher frequency (e.g., B40 at 2.3 GHz) than viceversa. In particularly, the B1/B3 band filter pair S11 parameter looksvery capacitive at band filter B40's frequency and thus loads the B40band filter, hurting its performance. Combining band filters B1, B3, andB7 (at 2.6 GHz) would exhibit even greater loading on band filter B7.

As an example, FIG. 16 is a Smith chart 1600 graphing the S11 parametersfor diplexed band filters B1 and B3, illustrating the loading effect ofthe B1/B3 diplexer at the B7 and B40 bands. The loading can worsen whenthe effects of circuit trace lengths and parasitic effects in an ICembodiment are fully taken into account; for example, the plot point forB40 moves closer to the plot point for B7 with just moderate loadingfrom the effects of circuit trace lengths and parasitic effects in an ICembodiment.

One aspect of the invention encompasses embodiments in which a “filtertuning” block is added in series with selected throws (signal paths) ofa multi-path switch, which optionally may include a tunable matchingnetwork on the common port. For example, FIG. 17 is a block diagram of adirect mapped RF signal switching and filter circuit 1700 that includesa bank 1702 of band filters and one or more filter tuning blocks 1704.Another aspect of the invention is to passively combine selected bandfilters pairs using conventional diplexing circuitry. This vastlysimplifies the design compared to a fully general solution, andtypically can lead to a better overall implementation.

In the specific example of FIG. 17, band filters B1 and B3 are in adiplexed configuration (i.e., passively combined) and coupled to port P1of a multi-path switch 1706 through an associated filter tuning block1704. Similarly, band filters B25 and B66 are diplexed and coupled toport P2 of the multi-path switch 1706 through an associated filtertuning block 1704. In the illustrated example, the multi-path switch1706 may include a tunable matching network (TMN) 306 on the common portPc, similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 3 (as well as in FIG. 23,below). In this specific example, each diplexed pair of band filters(e.g., B1 and B3) operates at a lower frequency and is thus lessaffected by the filter tuning blocks 1704 or loss due to the passivecombination. In general, higher frequency bands are more sensitive tothe loading of extra capacitance (such as from a DTC used for tuning inthe filter tuning blocks 1704). Using DTCs in the filter tuning blocks1704 for lower frequency bands will have less impact on the performanceof the higher frequency bands when operating individually (e.g., in anon-CA mode). However, the concepts of the invention are not limited todiplexing only lower frequency band filters, but specifically extend todiplexed configurations of higher frequency band filters.

Each diplexed pair of band filters (e.g., B1/B3 or B66/B25) can becombined with any of the single band filters (e.g., B30, B40, B7) bydirect mapping. For example, the diplexed B1/B3 band filter pair and theB40 band filter can be connected to the common port Pc through themulti-path switch 1706 by direct mapping; in such a case, the settingsof the filter tuning block 1704 associated with B1/B3 would be adjustedas needed.

In the illustrated example, each filter tuning block 1704 includes afilter tuning circuit 1708 in parallel with an optional bypass switchSwB. The optional bypass switch SwB allows the associated filter tuningcircuit 1708 to be bypassed when operating in a non-CA mode, to avoiddegrading non-CA performance (e.g., with respect to matching insertionloss, linearity, etc.).

In a particular CA mode of operation in which a signal path thatincludes a filter tuning block 1704 is turned ON, the filter tuningcircuit 1708 rotates (i.e., changes the phase of) the out-of-band inputimpedance of the connected band filters (and passive filter structures,in the case of diplexed band filter pairs) to reduce the load on ahigher-frequency band filter included in that CA mode. The result isthat the impedance of the higher-frequency band filter is rotated closerto an “open” on a Smith chart (see the discussion below regarding FIG.19). Thus, for example, in a B1/B3/B40 CA mode, the filter tuningcircuit 1708 in the B1/B3 signal path rotates the impedance seen at theB40 band to an “open”, thus reducing the loading impact of the B1/B3band filters on the B40 band filter.

FIGS. 18A-18E are examples of particular circuits that may be used as afilter tuning block 1704 and embodied fully or partially in anintegrated circuit. Each of the example circuits includes a filtertuning circuit and a bypass switch SwB that, when closed (alone or incombination with additional series-connected switches), allows theassociated filter tuning circuit to be bypassed if desired (e.g., for anon-CA mode). Each of the example circuits also includes at least oneshunt inductor L1 and at least one capacitor C1 configured to shift theout-of-band impedance closer to an open circuit in the frequency rangeof interest. The inductor L1 and/or the capacitor C1 may be tunable; inthe illustrated examples, the capacitor C1 is shown as tunable. Inparticular embodiments, the capacitor C1 may be a digitally tunable orswitchable capacitor (DTC), and the inductor L1 may be a digitallytunable or switchable inductor (DTL) and/or a digitally tunable orselectable transmission line element (TLEs), such as a microstrip orco-planar waveguide or a lumped-element transmission line circuit. Theinductor L1 and/or the capacitor C1—and particularly the inductor L1—maybe internal or external to an IC embodiment of the filter tuning block1704.

In FIG. 18A, in an active non-bypass mode, switch Sw1 would be closed toconnect a first port P1 to a second port P2 via a signal path 1802coupled to a series-connected tunable capacitor C1 and a shunt-connectedinductor L1, as shown. Advantages of the circuit configuration of FIG.18A are simplicity and a single series switch in any operational mode.

In FIG. 18B, in an active non-bypass mode, switch Sw1 would be closed toconnect a signal path 1802 to a series-connected tunable capacitor C1.In addition, switch Sw2 may be closed to couple a shunt-connectedinductor L1 to the signal path 1802. The circuit configuration of FIG.18B thus has more operational configurations compared to the circuitconfiguration of FIG. 18A.

In FIG. 18C, in an active non-bypass mode, switch Sw1 may be closed toconnect a signal path 1802 to a series-connected tunable capacitor C1.Independently, switch SwB and switch Sw2 may be closed to couple ashunt-connected inductor L1 to the signal paths 1802 and 1802′ (which ispart of the signal path from port P1 to port P2 through switch SwB, inthis configuration). Alternatively, if switch Sw1 is closed, then theinductor L1 may be coupled to the signal path 1802 by closing justswitch Sw2, leaving switch SwB open. Thus, in different operationalconfigurations, capacitor C1, or inductor L1, or the combination ofcapacitor C1 and inductor L1, may be coupled to the signal path 1802(and 1802′, in the case of the inductor L1 alone). The circuitconfiguration of FIG. 18C thus has even more operational configurationmodes compared to the circuit configuration of FIG. 18A.

In FIG. 18D, switch Sw1 serves as an isolation switch, entirelydecoupling the filter tuning circuit and the bypass switch SwB from portP1. Port P1 thus is effectively coupled only to the OFF capacitance,C_(OFF), of one switch (Sw1) rather than of two or more switches (SwB,Sw1, Sw2) as in the circuits of FIGS. 18A-18C, which reduces thecapacitive loading seen by the antenna, thus improving circuitperformance (e.g., insertion loss, return loss). In an activenon-bypass, non-isolation mode, switch Sw1 is closed and the circuit isotherwise similar to the circuit of FIG. 18B.

In FIG. 18E, in an active non-bypass mode, switch Sw1 may be closed toconnect a signal path 1802 to a series-connected tunable capacitor C1.In addition, an inductor L1 may be coupled to the signal path 1802 viaswitch Sw2. The circuit configuration of FIG. 18E thus has moreoperational configurations compared to the circuit configuration of FIG.18A.

As should be clear, other filter tuning block 1704 configurations may beused to accomplish the same function—beneficially altering theout-of-band input impedance of connected lower frequency band filters(and passive filter structures, in the case of diplexed band filterpairs) to reduce the load on a higher-frequency band filter. Further,FIGS. 18A-18E show circuits that can help move a capacitive impedancecloser to an “open”. Depending on filter construction and if out-of-bandimpedances of concern are above or below a desired passband, theimpedances of concern could also be inductive. As would be known by oneof ordinary skill in the art, tuner circuits for inductive impedanceswould require a different topology of inductors and capacitors thanthose shown in FIGS. 18A-18E. In general, the concept of using switchesto remove passive elements, the use of tunable passive elements, andvarious forms of a bypass switch are part of this invention.

Since the common port impedance depends not only on factors that areconstant (e.g., connecting conductors and transmission lines), but alsoon variable operational factors (e.g., CA combinations), it is usefulfor embodiments of the filter tuning block 1704 to be tunable. For aparticular IC embodiment, a lookup table with appropriate tuningsettings (e.g., for a DTC used for the tunable capacitor C1) may be usedto select pre-determined values for particular operationalconfigurations. Particular values for C1 and L1 may be selected bymodeling or design iteration, taking into account desired CAcombinations, operational frequency of associated band filter orfilters, IC circuit characteristics (e.g., parasitic impedances andreactances of other circuits and circuit elements, such as connectingconductors and transmission lines, FETs, ground and power planes, etc.),and module routing parasitics.

FIG. 19 is a Smith chart 1900 showing beneficial effects on band filterB40 of coupling a filter tuning block 1704 to the band filter pair B1and B3 for a CA mode combining B1, B3, and B40. The filter tuning block1704 may be the same as, or similar to, the embodiment of FIG. 18A. Withsuitable values for C1 and L1 (the effects of each being shown asseparate vectors), the impedance plot point for B40 is rotated towardscloser to an “open” on the Smith chart 1900.

In alternative embodiments, one or more of the filter tuning blocks 1704may use a different operational principal: rather than change the phaseof a lower frequency band filter, a resonant network circuitconfiguration may be designed to directly pass the lower frequency bandwhile blocking the higher frequency band. For example, FIG. 20 is aschematic diagram of one example of a resonant network circuit 2000 thatmay be used in a filter tuning block 1704. In the illustrated example, abypass switch SwB, when closed (alone or in combination with additionalseries-connected switches), directly couples a first port P1 to a secondport P2, thus allowing the associated filter tuning circuit to bebypassed if desired (e.g., for a non-CA mode). A series switch Sw1couples port P1 to port P2 through a series-connected capacitor C1 andinductor L1; a second capacitor C2 is connected between port P1 and portP2 in parallel with C1 and L1. The capacitors C1, C2 and inductor L1form a resonant network. As an example, port P1 may be coupled to anantenna (similar to the common port of the multi-path switch 1706 inFIG. 17), and port P2 may be coupled to the input of a B1/B3 diplexedband filter pair.

The inductor L1 and/or the capacitors C1, C2 may be tunable; in theillustrated examples, the capacitors C1, C2 are both shown as tunable.In particular embodiments, one or both of the capacitors C1, C2 may be adigitally tunable or switchable capacitor (DTC), and the inductor L1 maybe a digitally tunable or switchable inductor (DTL) and/or a digitallytunable or selectable transmission line element (TLEs), such as amicrostrip or co-planar waveguide or a lumped-element transmission linecircuit. The inductor L1 and/or the capacitors C1, C2—and particularlythe inductor L1—may be internal or external to an IC embodiment.

The series-connected capacitor C1 and inductor L1 network, with suitablyselected values, functions as a series tank circuit that resonates to alow impedance at lower frequencies (e.g., the frequencies of bands B1and B3), which results in relatively low insertion loss for those bandfilters. Notably, the series network becomes inductive beyond theselected low frequency, and the parallel capacitor C2 anti-resonateswith that residual inductance at higher frequencies (e.g., the B7frequency band) to create a high impedance at that higher frequency. Forexample, FIG. 21 is a graph of impedance magnitude of a resonant networkfor a CA case of B1/B3/B7 (k-Ohms, log scale) versus frequency (GHz). Asgraph line 2102 indicates (and keeping in mind the log scale ofimpedance magnitudes in the graph 2100), the impedance of the resonantnetwork in the frequency band for B1 at about 2.15 GHz is very lowcompared to the impedance of the frequency band for B7 at about 2.7 GHz(the graph would be similar for bands B3 and B7).

The overall effect of using a resonant network circuit in a filtertuning block 1704 is similar to using the filter tuning circuits shownin FIGS. 18A-18E. FIG. 22A is a Smith chart 2200 graphing the S11parameters for modeled embodiments of diplexed band filters B1 and B3,illustrating the loading effect of the lower frequency band filters atthe higher frequency bands, similar to the Smith chart of FIG. 16. FIG.22B is a Smith chart 2202 graphing the S11 parameters for modeledembodiments of diplexed band filters B1 and B3, illustrating thebeneficial effect at the B7 band (see dotted-line circle) of utilizing aresonant network circuit of the type shown in FIG. 20 as a filter tuningblock 1704 for the diplexed band filter pair B1 and B3 in a CA case ofB1/B3/B7. More specifically, the impedance of the B1/B3 diplexed filterpair at the B7 band is rotated closer to an “open” characteristic on theSmith chart 2202 of FIG. 22B, and thus will present less loading to theB7 filter, resulting in improved B7 performance.

As should be clear, one or more filter tuning blocks 1704 may beconfigured with phase shift circuitry, while one or more tuning blocks1704 may be configured with resonant network circuitry.

An additional benefit of certain embodiments of the invention resultsfrom the realization that some sets of band filters are independent ofeach other—that is, the band filters in such sets are mutuallyexclusive, and thus never used together in a CA case. Thischaracteristic can be advantageously used to reduce the size of a pairof filter tuning blocks by sharing components (such as one or moreinductors or capacitors) between two or more filter tuning circuits.

For example, FIG. 23 is a block diagram of a direct mapped RF signalswitching and filter circuit 2300 that includes a bank 1702 of bandfilters and a shared filter tuning block 2302. The illustrated sharedfilter tuning block 2302 includes a first capacitor C1 coupled between aport of a multi-path switch 2304 (which may include a TMN 306 on thecommon port Pc) and a first diplexed band filter pair B1/B3, and asecond capacitor C2 coupled between another port of the multi-pathswitch 2304 and a second diplexed band filter pair B66/B25. A sharedshunt inductor L1 may be selectively (but mutually exclusively)connected to capacitor C1 or to capacitor C2 by respective switches Sw1,Sw2. In a non-bypassed mode, when Sw1 is closed and Sw2 is opened,capacitor C1 and inductor L1 operate as a filter tuning circuit for bandfilter pair B1/B3. Conversely, in a non-bypassed mode, when Sw2 isclosed and Sw1 is opened, capacitor C2 and inductor L1 operate as afilter tuning circuit for band filter pair B66/B25.

The configuration illustrated in FIG. 23 enables 5 common CA cases(however, more than 5 cases are possible), each comprising three bandfilters (some pairs of which may be diplexed, indicated by parentheses),as shown in TABLE 3. Note that the illustrated architecture alsosupports a four-band CA case, (B1+B3)+B7+B40.

TABLE 3 Case # Band Filter CA Combinations 1 (B1 + B3) + B7 2 (B1 +B3) + B40 3 B3 + B40 + B7 4 (B66 + B25) + B7 5 (B66 + B25) + B30

In this example, filter bands B1 and B3 are only used in cases 1, 2, and3 (filter band B3 only), and filter bands B66 and B25 are only used incases 4 and 5. Consequently, those filter band pairs are never used atthe same time, and the inductor L1 may be shared between the filter bandpairs for the different cases without concurrent usage. In RF circuits,inductors may be relatively large, and often external to an ICcontaining related circuitry. Even if implemented as an internalintegrated component of an IC, significant IC die area is often requiredfor inductors. Accordingly, the configuration shown in FIG. 23 allows areduction in component count (only one inductor, rather than two) andthus requires fewer external connections (for an external inductor) orless IC die area (for an internal inductor). In addition, the ability toturn OFF an attached amplifier (e.g., an LNA) to one band filter of adiplexed pair and/or to filter out one band filter of a diplexed pair(e.g., B1 of the B1/B3 pair) allows the remaining band filter (e.g., B3)to be used by itself or in combination with other band filters (e.g.,B7), resulting in lower loss compared to the diplexed combination andallowing a single band filter of a diplexed pair.

In the shared filter tuning block 2302, an optional bypass switch SwB1is coupled between the diplexed band filter pair B1/B3 and a separateport of the multi-path switch 2304. Similarly, an optional bypass switchSwB2 is coupled between the diplexed band filter pair B66/B25 and aseparate port of the multi-path switch 2304. Again, the optional bypassswitches SwB1, SwB2 allow the associated filter tuning circuit to bebypassed when operating in a non-CA mode, and improve isolation. Anadvantage of utilizing different ports for the bypass switches SwB1,SwB2 is that no additional series switches are needed for the signalpaths that include capacitors C1 or C2, resulting in lower insertionloss.

Benefits of CA direct mapped adaptive tuning networks with filter tuningblocks on selected lower frequency bands include: improved overallnon-CA performance; improved high band performance in CA cases (e.g.,band B40 in a B1/B3/B40 CA case); reduced component count and lesscircuit complexity; and a more versatile control scheme that is bettersuited for adaptive tuning optimization. As a further example of suchbenefits, FIG. 24A is a graph 2400 of insertion loss versus frequencyfor a B1/B3/B40 CA case for a modeled direct mapped adaptive tuningnetwork lacking filter tuning blocks, while FIG. 24B is a graph 2420 ofinsertion loss versus frequency for a B1/B3/B40 CA case for a modeleddirect mapped adaptive tuning network with filter tuning blocks for theB1/B3 band filters in a diplexer configuration. As can be seen bycomparing FIG. 24A to FIG. 24B, without tuning, the performance of theB40 band filter circuitry is significantly degraded. By proper tuningwith a filter tuning block for the B1/B3 band filters, the B40 bandfilter circuitry performance degradation is essentially eliminated.

As yet another example of the benefits of CA direct mapped networks withfilter tuning blocks on selected lower frequency bands, FIG. 25 is agraph 2500 of Noise Figure versus circuit state for band filters B1, B3,and B40 in a modeled direct mapped adaptive tuning network withbypassable filter tuning blocks for the B1/B3 band filters in a diplexerconfiguration. For the various circuit states, better performance isachieved when all three bands have a minimum difference compared tonon-CA operation (note that larger values for Noise Figure are worse).In a non-CA mode 2502, there is no loading of band filter B40 by bandfilters B1 or B3, since the bands are not aggregated; hence, thesensitivity is approximately the same for each band. In an “untuned” CAmode 2504 in which the filter tuning blocks for the B1/B3 band filtersare purposely bypassed (not a normal operating condition), band filterB40 is significantly affected by band filters B1 and B3, resulting inpoor sensitivity for band filter B40. In contrast, in a CA mode in whichthe filter tuning blocks for the B1/B3 band filters are tuned across arange of values (e.g., by setting a DTC capacitor component to differentcapacitance values), a range of sensitivity values for all three bandfilters can be achieved that are much closer to their non-CA values thanthe untuned CA mode 2504. Different tuning states present differenttradeoffs between the performance of the three bands. Any one of thetuning states S0-S7 may be selected for a particular application; forexample, in one modeled application, the tuning state S3 resulted in aset of sensitivity values 2506 for all three band filters that metoperational specifications.

The noted benefits are realized for CA direct mapped adaptive tuningnetworks with filter tuning blocks by targeting specific bands forfilter tuning instead of all bands, depending on particular performancerequirements and filter characteristics (e.g., such as applying filtertuning to band filters for the lower frequency B1 and B3 bands, but notfor the higher frequency B7 band).

One way of describing such embodiments is that they encompass a carrieraggregation (CA) multi-path radio-frequency (RF) adaptive tuning networkswitch architecture, including: a multi-path switch having a pluralityof signal ports and a common port, the multi-path switch configured toconcurrently connect at least two selected signal ports to the commonport in at least one CA mode of operation; a plurality of band filters,each corresponding to an associated RF frequency band in a range of lowfrequencies to high frequencies; and at least one filter tuning blockcoupled between an associated signal port of the multi-path switch andat last one associated band filter, each filter tuning block configuredto adjust the RF characteristics of its associated band filter withrespect to at least one other band filter when operating in at least oneCA mode of operation so as to suppress a capacitive loading effect forat least one other band filter; wherein fewer than all of the pluralityof band filters are coupled to an associated filter tuning block. Insome embodiments, at least one filter tuning block coupled between anassociated signal port of the multi-path switch and at last oneassociated band filter is associated with a low RF frequency band, andthe at least one other band filter is associated with a high RFfrequency band.

Another way of describing such embodiments is that they encompass acarrier aggregation (CA) direct mapped radio-frequency (RF) adaptivetuning network switch architecture, including: a multi-path switchhaving a plurality of signal ports and a common port, the multi-pathswitch configured to concurrently connect at least two selected signalports to the common port in at least one CA mode of operation; a firstset of band filters for a first range of RF frequencies, each member ofthe set being coupled to a respective signal port of the multi-pathswitch; and a second set of band filters for a second range of RFfrequencies, each member of the set being coupled to a respective signalport of the multi-path switch through an associated filter tuning block;wherein each filter tuning block adjusts the RF characteristics of theassociated band filter with respect to at least one band filter in thefirst set of band filters when operating in at least one CA mode ofoperation, so as to suppress a capacitive loading effect for at leastone band filter in the second set of band filters. In some embodiments,the first range of RF frequencies are high frequencies, and the secondrange of RF frequencies are low frequencies.

Elements of the embodiments described above with respect to FIGS. 3-14may be used in conjunction with embodiments that include filter tuningblocks. For example, FIG. 26 is a block diagram of another embodiment ofa direct mapped RF signal switching and filter circuit 2600 suitable foruse in a CA radio system as well as in other applications. Theillustrated embodiment includes a bank of band filters 1702, one or morefilter tuning blocks 1704, a multi-path switch 1706 that may include atunable matching network (TMN) network 306 on the common port Pc, and,optionally, a bank of filter pre-match (FPM) networks 304 selectivelycouplable (directly, or indirectly through a filter tuning block 1704)to an associated signal port of the multi-path switch 1706. Optionally,some or all signal ports Pn of the multi-path switch 1706 may include anassociated digitally-controlled TMN (not shown) to further improveimpedance matching. In general, a filter tuning block 1704 and an FPMnetwork 304 may be in any series order with respect to each other, solong as the FPM network 304 is between an associated band filter and thecommon port of the multi-path switch 1706.

Methods

Another aspect of the invention includes methods of adaptively tuning acarrier aggregation (CA) multi-path radio-frequency (RF) switcharchitecture. For example, FIG. 27 is a process flow diagram of a firstmethod of adaptively tuning a CA multi-path RF switch architecture,including: providing a multi-path switch having a plurality of signalports and a common port, the multi-path switch configured toconcurrently connect at least two selected signal ports to the commonport in at least one CA mode of operation (Block 2702); providing aplurality of band filters, each corresponding to an associated RFfrequency band in a range of low frequencies to high frequencies (Block2704); and coupling at least one filter tuning block between anassociated signal port of the multi-path switch and at last oneassociated band filter, each filter tuning block configured to adjustthe RF characteristics of its associated band filter with respect to atleast one other band filter when operating in at least one CA mode ofoperation so as to suppress a capacitive loading effect for at least oneother band filter (Block 2706); wherein fewer than all of the pluralityof band filters are coupled to an associated filter tuning block (Block2708).

As another example, FIG. 28 is a process flow diagram of a second methodof adaptively tuning a CA multi-path RF switch architecture, including:providing a multi-path switch having a plurality of signal ports and acommon port, the multi-path switch configured to concurrently connect atleast two selected signal ports to the common port in at least one CAmode of operation (Block 2802); providing a first set of band filtersfor a first range of RF frequencies, and coupling each member of the setbeing to a respective signal port of the multi-path switch (Block 2804);providing a second set of band filters for a second range of RFfrequencies, and coupling each member of the set coupled to a respectivesignal port of the multi-path switch through an associated filter tuningblock (Block 2806); and using the filter tuning blocks to adjust the RFcharacteristics of the associated band filter with respect to at leastone band filter in the first set of band filters when operating in atleast one CA mode of operation, so as to suppress a capacitive loadingeffect for at least one band filter in the second set of band filters(Block 2808).

The above methods may also include one or more of the following: whereinat least one filter tuning block includes a phase adjustment circuit;wherein the phase adjustment circuit includes a digitally tunablecapacitor configured to tune the filter tuning block; wherein at leastone filter tuning block includes a resonant network circuit that has alow impedance at low frequencies and a higher impedance at highfrequencies; wherein at least one filter tuning block includes a bypassswitch for selectively operating the at least one filter tuning block ina non-CA mode of operation; wherein at least one filter tuning blockincludes at least one switched passive component for adjusting the RFcharacteristics of an applied signal; wherein at least one pair of theplurality of band filters are passively combined in a diplexedconfiguration; wherein at least one filter tuning block is coupled totwo of the plurality of band filters passively combined in a diplexedconfiguration; further including at least two filter tuning blocks,wherein a first filter tuning block shares a shunt inductor with asecond filter tuning block, and the shunt inductor is selectively butmutually exclusively connected to the first filter tuning block or tothe second filter tuning block; wherein the multi-path switch and atuning component of the at least one filter tuning block are integratedon the same integrated circuit die; wherein the multi-path switchincludes a digitally-controlled tunable matching network coupled to thecommon port of the multi-path switch and selectively controlled tocounteract impedance mismatch conditions arising from coupling more thanone selected signal port concurrently to the common port; and/or furtherincluding at least one filter pre-match network selectively couplable toan associated signal port of the multi-path switch.

Configuration and Control

The elements that can be connected to the TMN networks 306, FPM networks304, PM networks 1102, and filter tuning blocks 1704, 2302 are notlimited to the impedance tuning elements described above (e.g.,transmission line elements, fixed and adjustable capacitors, and fixedand adjustable inductors). Other elements may be connected for otherapplications. For example, an antenna bus can be connected to amulti-path switch such that it may be used for aperture tuning.

Values for the tuning elements in (e.g., fixed inductors or DTLs, fixedcapacitors or DTCs, transmission line elements, and phase shifters) areselected to optimize particular application requirements, balancingimpedance coverage, bandwidth, insertion loss, transducer gain, andother limitations such as die size. The set of available impedancevalues may be optimized based on sub-band or RF channel information foreven more optimized performance.

Each FET switch in the illustrated examples includes an associatedcontrol line (not shown) that enables setting the switch to an ON (orCLOSED) conductive state or to an OFF (or OPEN) non-conductive orblocking state, and thus behaves as a single-pole, single-throw switch.Further, stacks of FET switches may be controlled by a common controlline signal so as to switch ON or OFF concurrently, and thus the stackbehaves like a single switch. Each control line would be coupled toother circuitry (not shown in all cases), which may be internal orexternal. For example, control signals may be provided to the switchcontrol lines through the well-known interfaces specified by the MIPI(Mobile Industry Processor Interface) Alliance, or through thewell-known Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus, or by direct controlsignal pins, or by any other convenient means. Applied control signalsmay be directly coupled to associated FET switches, or be processedthrough combinatorial logic circuitry or a mapping circuit (e.g., alookup table) before being coupled to associated FET switches. Inaddition, the gate of each FET may be coupled to a driver circuit thatconverts a logic signal (1, 0) to a suitable drive voltage (e.g., +3V,−3V).

Examples of FET stacking are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,248,120, issuedJul. 24, 2007, entitled “Stacked Transistor Method and Apparatus”; U.S.Pat. No. 7,008,971, issued Aug. 8, 2006, entitled “Integrated RF FrontEnd”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,649,754, issued Feb. 11, 2014, entitled“Integrated RF Front End with Stacked Transistor Switch”, and assignedto the assignee of the present invention, all of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

Each RF signal switching and filter circuit in accordance with thepresent invention may be tested and characterized by conventionaltesting means and packaged in a manner suitable for RF circuits, eitheralone or as part of a larger circuit or system.

Uses

RF signal switching and filter circuits in accordance with the presentinvention are useful in a wide variety of applications, including radarsystems (including phased array and automotive radar systems) and radiosystems. Radio system usage includes (again, without limitation)cellular radios systems (including base stations, relay stations, andhand-held transceivers) that use such standards as Code DivisionMultiple Access (“CDMA”), Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access(“W-CDMA”), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (“WIMAX”),Global System for Mobile Communications (“GSM”), Enhanced Data Rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE), Long Term Evolution (“LTE”), as well as otherradio communication standards and protocols.

Fabrication Technologies and Options

The term “MOSFET”, as used in this disclosure, means any field effecttransistor (FET) with an insulated gate and comprising a metal ormetal-like, insulator, and semiconductor structure. The terms “metal” or“metal-like” include at least one electrically conductive material (suchas aluminum, copper, or other metal, or highly doped polysilicon,graphene, or other electrical conductor), “insulator” includes at leastone insulating material (such as silicon oxide or other dielectricmaterial), and “semiconductor” includes at least one semiconductormaterial.

As should be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art,various embodiments of the invention can be implemented to meet a widevariety of specifications. Unless otherwise noted above, selection ofsuitable component values is a matter of design choice and variousembodiments of the invention may be implemented in any suitable ICtechnology (including but not limited to MOSFET and IGFET structures),or in hybrid or discrete circuit forms. Integrated circuit embodimentsmay be fabricated using any suitable substrates and processes, includingbut not limited to standard bulk silicon, silicon-on-insulator (SOI),silicon-on-sapphire (SOS), GaAs HBT, GaN HEMT, GaAs pHEMT, and MESFETtechnologies. However, the inventive concepts described above areparticularly useful with an SOI-based fabrication process (includingSOS), and with fabrication processes having similar characteristics.Fabrication in CMOS on SOI or SOS enables low power consumption, theability to withstand high power signals during operation due to FETstacking, good linearity, and high frequency operation (i.e., radiofrequencies up to and exceeding 50 GHz). Monolithic IC implementation isparticularly useful since parasitic capacitances generally can be keptlow (or at a minimum, kept uniform across all units, permitting them tobe compensated) by careful design.

Voltage levels may be adjusted, and/or voltage and/or logic signalpolarities reversed, depending on a particular specification and/orimplementing technology (e.g., NMOS, PMOS, or CMOS, and enhancement modeor depletion mode transistor devices). Component voltage, current, andpower handling capabilities may be adapted as needed, for example, byadjusting device sizes, serially “stacking” components (particularly SOIFETs) to withstand greater voltages, and/or using multiple components inparallel to handle greater currents. Additional circuit components maybe added to enhance the capabilities of the disclosed circuits and/or toprovide additional functionality without significantly altering thefunctionality of the disclosed circuits.

In order to improve linearity and other performance characteristics,particularly when using an SOI-based fabrication process (includingSOS), it may be especially useful to structure and fabricate FETs inaccordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 7,910,993, issued Mar.22, 2011, entitled “Method and Apparatus for use in Improving Linearityof MOSFETs using an Accumulated Charge Sink”; and U.S. Pat. No.8,742,502, issued Jun. 3, 2014, entitled “Method and Apparatus for usein Improving Linearity of MOSFETs Using an Accumulated Charge Sink”, andassigned to the assignee of the present invention, both of which arehereby incorporated by reference

A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. It is tobe understood that various modifications may be made without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, some of thesteps described above may be order independent, and thus can beperformed in an order different from that described. Further, some ofthe steps described above may be optional. Various activities describedwith respect to the methods identified above can be executed inrepetitive, serial, or parallel fashion.

It is to be understood that the foregoing description is intended toillustrate and not to limit the scope of the invention, which is definedby the scope of the following claims, and that other embodiments arewithin the scope of the claims. (Note that the parenthetical labels forclaim elements are for ease of referring to such elements, and do not inthemselves indicate a particular required ordering or enumeration ofelements; further, such labels may be reused in dependent claims asreferences to additional elements without being regarded as starting aconflicting labeling sequence).

1. A carrier aggregation (CA) multi-path radio-frequency (RF) adaptivetuning network switch architecture, including: (a) a multi-path switchhaving a plurality of signal ports and a common port, the multi-pathswitch configured to concurrently connect at least two selected signalports to the common port in at least one CA mode of operation; (b) aplurality of band filters, each corresponding to an associated RFfrequency band in a range of low frequencies to high frequencies; and(c) at least one filter tuning block coupled between an associatedsignal port of the multi-path switch and at last one associated bandfilter, each filter tuning block configured to adjust the RFcharacteristics of its associated band filter with respect to at leastone other band filter when operating in at least one CA mode ofoperation so as to suppress a capacitive loading effect for at least oneother band filter; wherein fewer than all of the plurality of bandfilters are coupled to an associated filter tuning block.
 2. Theinvention of claim 1, wherein at least one filter tuning block includesa phase adjustment circuit.
 3. (canceled)
 4. The invention of claim 1,wherein at least one filter tuning block includes a resonant networkcircuit that has a low impedance at low frequencies and a higherimpedance at high frequencies.
 5. The invention of claim 1, wherein atleast one filter tuning block includes a bypass switch for selectivelyoperating the at least one filter tuning block in a non-CA mode ofoperation.
 6. The invention of claim 1, wherein at least one filtertuning block includes at least one switched passive component foradjusting the RF characteristics of an applied signal.
 7. The inventionof claim 1, wherein at least one pair of the plurality of band filtersare passively combined in a diplexed configuration.
 8. The invention ofclaim 1, wherein at least one filter tuning block is coupled to two ofthe plurality of band filters passively combined in a diplexedconfiguration.
 9. The invention of claim 1, further including at leasttwo filter tuning blocks, wherein a first filter tuning block shares ashunt inductor with a second filter tuning block, and the shunt inductoris selectively but mutually exclusively connected to the first filtertuning block or to the second filter tuning block.
 10. (canceled) 11.The invention of claim 1, wherein the multi-path switch includes adigitally-controlled tunable matching network coupled to the common portof the multi-path switch and selectively controlled to counteractimpedance mismatch conditions arising from coupling more than oneselected signal port concurrently to the common port.
 12. The inventionof claim 1, further including at least one filter pre-match networkselectively couplable to an associated signal port of the multi-pathswitch.
 13. A carrier aggregation (CA) direct mapped radio-frequency(RF) adaptive tuning network switch architecture, including: (a) amulti-path switch having a plurality of signal ports and a common port,the multi-path switch configured to concurrently connect at least twoselected signal ports to the common port in at least one CA mode ofoperation; (b) a first set of band filters for a first range of RFfrequencies, each member of the set being coupled to a respective signalport of the multi-path switch; and (c) a second set of band filters fora second range of RF frequencies, each member of the set being coupledto a respective signal port of the multi-path switch through anassociated filter tuning block; wherein each filter tuning block adjuststhe RF characteristics of the associated band filter with respect to atleast one band filter in the first set of band filters when operating inat least one CA mode of operation, so as to suppress a capacitiveloading effect for at least one band filter in the second set of bandfilters.
 14. The invention of claim 13, wherein at least one filtertuning block includes a phase adjustment circuit.
 15. (canceled)
 16. Theinvention of claim 13, wherein at least one filter tuning block includesa resonant network circuit that has a low impedance at low frequenciesand a higher impedance at high frequencies.
 17. The invention of claim13, wherein at least one filter tuning block includes a bypass switchfor selectively operating the at least one filter tuning block in anon-CA mode of operation.
 18. The invention of claim 13, wherein atleast one filter tuning block includes at least one switched passivecomponent for adjusting the RF characteristics of an applied signal. 19.The invention of claim 13, wherein at least one pair of band filters inthe second set of band filters are passively combined in a diplexedconfiguration.
 20. The invention of claim 13, wherein at least onefilter tuning block is coupled to two band filters in the second set ofband filters passively combined in a diplexed configuration.
 21. Theinvention of claim 13, further including at least two filter tuningblocks, wherein a first filter tuning block shares a shunt inductor witha second filter tuning block, and the shunt inductor is selectively butmutually exclusively connected to the first filter tuning block or tothe second filter tuning block.
 22. (canceled)
 23. The invention ofclaim 13, wherein the multi-path switch includes a digitally-controlledtunable matching network coupled to the common port of the multi-pathswitch and selectively controlled to counteract impedance mismatchconditions arising from coupling more than one selected signal portconcurrently to the common port.
 24. The invention of claim 13, furtherincluding at least one filter pre-match network selectively couplable toan associated signal port of the multi-path switch. 25.-48. (canceled)